Safe Installation of Solar Photovoltaic Systems

As part of Singapore Green Plan 2030  to quadruple solar energy deployment by 2025, large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaic systems is expected.  In view of the hazards/risks associated with the activity of installation of solar photovoltaic systems at height such as  falling from height, companies need to address WSH risks to ensure workers can install such system safely

Introduction

Under the Singapore Green Plan 2030, Singapore aims to have cleaner and better use of energy and become more energy efficient. One of the targets is to quadruple solar energy deployment by 2025, including covering HDB roof tops with solar panels, so that by 2030, solar energy deployed will be five times that of today. At its peak, the solar energy generated can power about 350,000 households a year. 

This means that large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems across the island is expected in the years ahead. 

The best place for solar PV systems to be installed in land-scarce Singapore is on the roofs of commercial and residential buildings. Hence, rooftops will become a typical workplace setting and demand for competent contractors to complete these installation works will rise accordingly. 

In view of the upcoming demand, companies should take the following into consideration to ensure companies and workers can work safely. 

Pre-installation of the Solar PV system 

The first step is to select the right solar installer and roof work contractor (if engaged). Ensure that both have the sufficient knowledge, qualifications, equipment, skills, and safe systems of work that comply with the WSH legislations. 

The solar installer and roof work contractor must perform the following checks before starting onsite installation of the solar PV system: • Survey the actual worksite, i.e. the roof and surroundings; • Conduct worksite-specific risk assessment, such as inspecting the roof for structural integrity issues such as sharp edges, rot, or a sagging roof; • Assess the slope and pitch of the roof to evaluate the risk controls needed to ensure the safety of workers and the stability of the equipment used; and • Implement appropriate risk controls, such as temporary edge protection, scaffolding, mobile elevating work platforms, exclusion zones, and access to the roof or mechanical lifting aids. 

Installation of the Solar PV System 

The solar installer must survey the actual worksite to determine that the roof is suitable and safe for the installation. Critical checks for suitability include: 

• Confirming that the roof can support the additional loading imposed by the solar PV system, as well as the workers and their equipment;
• Checking that there are no open sides or whether it is possible to install edge protection at all open sides and openings; 
• Inspecting the roof condition and making the necessary repairs before allowing installation works to begin; 
• Ensuring there is sufficient space to be allocated as designated accessways between solar panel groups; 
• Verifying that designated accessways are free of hazards e.g. fragile surfaces. 
• Installing systems at safe distance from fall and electrical hazards, and allowing for a safe means of access, where reasonably practicable. 

Maintenance of the Solar PV System 

To eliminate or minimise the risks during the maintenance phase of an installed solar PV system, solar installers are recommended to consider the following: 

• Select a solar PV system that requires low or no maintenance alternatives where available, for example plastic wire ties would require replacement whereas coated metal ones may not 
• Select a modular system with removable panels and components for easy replacement;
•  Install a remote monitoring and control system to reduce the need for rooftop visits; 
• Deploy drones for site inspection; 
• Ensure that sufficient space has been allocated for maintenance equipment and onsite activities;
•  Label and mark all electrical components properly; and 
• Design a system to facilitate the isolation of individual panels

Hazards Arising from Installation and Maintenance of Solar PV Systems Installing and maintaining solar PV systems expose workers to risks of serious injury or death. The following are the hazards that workers may face: 

Access risks 

Getting to the roof may be a challenge depending on the building type and site conditions. Ideally, the building should be equipped with proper staircases or an elevator to provide direct access to the roof. Some buildings offer a fixed ladder with access via a roof hatch. If these are not available, an erection of a tower scaffold is necessary for safe access to the roof. 

Fall from height

Working on roofs and other works at height carry the risk of falling from height. Solar installers and contractors must put in place measures to ensure workers always remain safe while at work A site-specific fall prevention plan (FPP) must be established and implemented to eliminate or mitigate the risk of falling from height. Workers have a responsibility to comply with the safety requirements and report unsafe situations to their employers. Where there is a risk of objects falling from the roof, protective barriers must be installed to prevent objects from injuring anyone below. 

The site-specific FPP must cover the following

• Permit-to-Work (PTW) system; 

Put in place a PTW system for work activities where a person could fall more than three metres. Ensure on-site checks are carried out by a competent person and risk controls are confirmed effective before authorising the work at height Details on PTW system, including a sample PTW template can be found in the Code of Practice for Working Safely at Heights. 

• Safe Work Procedures (SWP)

:Develop a SWP for carrying out the task on the roof, taking into account the roofs characteristics, e.g. material of construction, profile and angle of slope, and the duration and frequency of work Provide supervision to ensure the SWP is strictly followed. A comprehensive SWP for work on roofs can be found in the WSH Guidelines on Working safely on roofs  

•Open side guarding: 

Install temporary guardrails or erect a scaffold platform with guardrails, if feasible, to prevent workers from falling off the roof edge. If this is not feasible, install a properly anchored lifeline for workers to attach themselves to, using fall-arrest or travel-restraint equipment. 

• Worker training: 

Deploy only workers who have successfully completed the Workforce Skills Qualifications (WSQ) Perform Work at Height course to work on roofs. Train workers to always anchor their safety harnesses when working at height. 

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): 

Equip roof workers with anti-slip safety footwear and, if necessary, fall-arrestor travel-restraint equipment along with secure anchor point(s) or lifeline. Read more in the WSH Guidelines on PPE for Work at Heights. 

If there is a risk of falling through a fragile surface while on the roof, e.g. skylights, additional risk controls may include:

•  Identify, mark, barricade and communicate the presence of fragile surfaces;
•  Cover the fragile surface with a secure cover or provide all-round barricades; 
• Provide workers with a way to work under, e.g. using a tower scaffold, or above the fragile surface, e.g. using a mobile elevated work platform; 
•  Install roof ladders, gangways, crawl boards and roof brackets to facilitate movement on sloping roofs; and 
• Deploy safety nets below fragile surfaces. 

Read more in the WSH Guidelines on Anchorage, Lifelines and Temporary Edge Protection Systems. 

Electrical risks 

Solar panel installers and maintenance personnel may be exposed to electrical risks while at work. To prevent electrical injuries, companies are advised to carry out the following: • Deploy only workers trained for electrical work; • Implement a PTW system for electrical works and allow work to start only when electrical systems are de-energised or isolated; 

• Implement lockout-tagout procedures to ensure de-energised or isolated systems cannot be turned on by accident; • Test if the electrical equipment is dead, e.g. by using a voltage detector, before working with it; • Provide workers with insulated tools, rubber-soled shoes, and electrically resistant gloves; • Stop electrical work during unfavourable weather, e.g. when there is a lightning risk, or when the work area is wet and • Ground all electrical circuits before turning on electrical systems. 

Other risks 

Monitor weather conditions and stop any roof works during unfavourable weather conditions such as strong winds, lightning, and heavy rain. For strong winds, ensure all equipment used are secured to prevent them from being blown off the roof. 

Check for slippery surfaces, e.g. wet or mossy conditions, as they may pose a risk to slips and falls; use anti-slip footwear if necessary. Work zone(s) need to be kept clear of tripping hazards such as loose tools, cables, or debris. 

Take care of workers by providing rest breaks, access to cool water, and mechanical aids, e.g. trolleys and power tools, to manage fatigue and heat stress. 

Further information 

1. WSH (Work at Heights) Regulations 2013  

2. Guide to Solar PV by Energy Market Authority 

3. Handbook for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems by Energy Market Authority and Building Construction Authority's Handbook for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems  

4. Best Practices for Installing Solar Panels on Buildina Rooftops by Buildina Construction  Authority, Energy Market Authority and Urban Redevelopment Authority  

Annex 1: 

WSH Checklist for safe installation of solar PV systems on the roofs 

This checklist highlights the key WSH considerations for installation of solar PV systems on roofs to help solar installers and contractors better manage WSH and implement effective control measures. The checklist is by no means exhaustive and is not a replacement for proper planning including a fall prevention plan and risk assessment 

Singapore Wild Boar Attack

Singapore reported a spate of incidents involving members of the Public injured by wild boars.

NParks is currently monitoring the situation and are also working with stakeholders on public education and outreach, to promote safe and responsible human-wildlife encounters

As part of its enforcement action, NPark will take action against those who feed wildlife, which is illegal , as this can alter the natural foraging behaviour of wild boars, leading them to rely on humans for food. 

NParks is also currently monitoring the Bukit Panjang area and has been installing exclusion fencing to prevent wild boars from straying out of forested areas. 

The agency said it adopts a community- and science-based approach to managing wild boar encounters, including habitat modification, managing their movement, relocation and culling.

"The approach taken takes into consideration the situation, location, health and behavioural conditions of the wild boars," it added. 

The agency also works with public agencies and developers to erect hoarding to prevent wildlife such as boars from straying into nearby residential areas. 

As wild boars are able to reproduce quickly and the lack of predators in Singapore, NParks said there is a need to "humanely manage" their population, especially when public safety is compromised. 

WHAT TO DO IN A WILD BOAR ENCOUNTER

When members of the public encounter a wild boar, they should remain as calm as possible and move slowly away, advised NParks. 

• Keep a safe distance and do not corner or provoke the animal.

• If the animals are seen with young piglets, people are advised to keep a distance as they can become aggressive when defending their young.

Members of the public should call the Animal Response Centre at 1800-476-1600 if they encounter a wild boar. a member of the public

Singapore Drug Stiffer Penalties

SINGAPORE: Effective from 1st June 2023, drug Offenders caught with large quantities of certain Class A controlled drugs, such as cannabis and methamphetamine, will face stiffer penalties – including caning said the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).

The previous maximum punishment for possession of any controlled drug, regardless of weight, was 10 years’ jail, a fine of up to $20,000, or both.

Offenders can also be caned depending on the amount of drugs they possess. Mandatory minimum sentences for certain weight thresholds have also been set, while the maximum punishment will now be 30 years’ jail and 15 strokes of the cane.

Amendments to Singapore’s main drugs legislation, the Misuse of Drugs Act, were passed in parliament in March.

The eight controlled drugs that this will apply to are cannabis, cannabis mixture, cannabis resin, cocaine, diamorphine (pure heroin), methamphetamine, morphine and opium.

For example, those who possess less than 10g of diamorphine can be jailed for up to 10 years or fined up to S$20,000, or both. There is no statutory minimum.

Those convicted of possessing at least 10g but less than 15g of diamorphine will face a minimum of 10 years' jail and five strokes of the cane. The maximum sentence is double that.

Those who possess more than 15g will receive at least 20 years’ jail and 10 strokes of the cane. The maximum sentence is 30 years' jail and 15 strokes of the cane.

MHA previously said that the old sentencing framework for drug possession did not sufficiently account for the potential harm that could be caused by those who possess large quantities of drugs.

These eight drugs were selected because they “cause the most serious harms”, it added.

MHA also said that in recent years, the Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB) has observed that syndicates are willing to deal in larger quantities of controlled drugs in each transaction – a shift that may correlate with abusers purchasing larger quantities of drugs in a single transaction, instead of multiple smaller quantity purchases.

In February, CNB revealed in its annual statistics report that the number of cannabis abusers aged below 20 who were arrested increased from eight in 2021 to 26 in 2022.

Other amendments to the Misuse of Drugs Act that will take effect from Thursday include the director of CNB being able to recall Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) personnel convicted of drug consumption under the SAF Act and get them to take a urine test.

This is in line with the CNB director's current powers to recall any former drug abuser to report for a urine test throughout the person’s life, to ensure they are no longer drug addicts.

CNB officers can also now make seizures based on reasonable suspicion, aligning these powers with those provided for under the Criminal Procedure Code.

New laws that were also passed in March to better tackle psychoactive substances, which produce the same or similar effects as controlled drugs, will take effect in the first half of 2024. More details will be announced in due course, MHA said.

Here is the video about Singapore's Youth Drug Problem

Behavioral Observation Intervention

Introduction to Behavioural Observation and Intervention

Developed by the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Council, Behavioural Observation and Intervention (BO&I) is a simplified behavioural safety initiative a company may adopt to demonstrate care for its workers, instil in them safe work practices, and reduce the incidence of at-risk work behaviours. The BO&I initiative supports WSH culture building efforts and can be used to enhance the “Ownership and Teamwork” attribute of the WSH CultureSAFE Model.

What is Behavioural Observation and Intervention?

BO&I is a safety initiative developed by the WSH Council. It aims to promote safe work practices and instil a sense of safety ownership in all workers in a company.

What can Behavioural Observation and Intervention do?

BO&I aims to reduce the incidence of at-risk work behaviours, resulting in fewer WSH incidents and injuries, lower operating costs, greater productivity and improved WSH performance.

Who is Behavioural Observation and Intervention for?

BO&I is for all companies, including Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs),which are keen to explore a behavioural approach to improving WSH performance.

Why implement Behavioural Observation and Intervention?

Beyond increased productivity and improved WSH performance, BO&I is a significant step to establish a positive WSH culture where employers and employees care for one another, exercise teamwork, and take greater ownership of their actions and those of their colleagues.

Other benefits of implementing BO&I include:

• allowing management to demonstrate commitment to WSH;
• enabling two-way WSH ommunication between the workforce and management and between employees;
• engaging employees in matters pertaining to WSH;
• empowering employees to act promptly in response to at-risk behaviours;
• creating greater awareness of the impact of human factors on WSH.

Where can Behavioural Observation and Intervention work?

BO&I can be implemented in any industry (from construction, marine and manufacturing to healthcare, retail and almost any office-based work environment) where WSH is of paramount importance and the goal is for every worker to go home to their families safe and injury-free at the end of each day.

When is the right time for Behavioural Observation and Intervention?

Companies with safe work procedures (SWPs) and a WSH management system in place will be in a better position to reap the benefits of BO&I.

To download a copy of the WSH guide on Behavioral Observation Intervention

And here is the video on Behavioral Observation Intervention

Heat Stress in the Workplace

Impact of Climate Change

Rising global temperature is increasing the risk of workplace heat injuries. From 1980 to 2020, the annual mean temperature in Singapore increased from 26.9°C to 28.0°C. The combined extremes of heat and humidity, decreased air movement or lack of shading from direct heat are harmful to human health and may lead to more occurrences of heat stress.

Heat stress occurs when the body is unable to cool down through perspiration. This causes the body temperature to rise rapidly, which may cause damage to the brain and other vital organs. Symptoms of heat stress include:

• Profuse sweating

• Inability to concentrate

• Dizziness

• Cessation of sweating

• Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat

• Severe thirst - a late symptom of heat stress

• Unconsciousness

Heat-related illness

Heat-related illnesses range from milder conditions such as heat rash, heat cramps and heat exhaustion, to more serious heat related illnesses such as heat stroke, which can be fatal or cause permanent disability if medical treatment is not administered promptly.

Studies indicated significant deterioration in mental functions, such as short-and long -term memory and visuospatial function, perceptive discrimination and reaction time in dehydrated subjects.5 Workers engaged in physical tasks were less productive and took longer to complete their tasks when given less water to drink. There was evidence from studies to indicate that dehydration could be linked to job-related accidents where dehydrated subjects fainted more quickly when subjected to an orthostatic challenge test (change in body posture).

Assessing risk factors for at-risk employees

Workers who are exposed to extreme heat or work in hot environments, for e.g. construction, boiler rooms, laundries, bakeries and kitchens may be at risk of heat stress. When there is a possibility of heat stress, conducting a risk assessment is a good starting point. Some factors (non-exhaustive), to consider include: 

If necessary, seek help from others who are more experienced in determining the risks from hot environments, for e.g. occupational hygienists or occupational health professionals.

Preventing heat stress at the workplace

In December 2020, the Workplace Safety and Health Council (WSHC) published a revised comprehensive guideline on managing heat stress in the workplace (first published in 2010).4 The guideline can be downloaded here

Preventive measures can be taken to limit a worker’s exposure to heat, which could raise the ability of the worker to cope with the heat. These include assessing fitness-to work, work scheduling, adequate water intake and worker awareness

Additional preventive actions for hot indoor working environments include insulation and shielding from hot surfaces, ventilation and air conditioning as well as reducing ambient humidity

And here is the Heat Stress Management Compliance Checklist

Ice slurry

There are many studies to show that ingesting ice slurry mitigates heat injuries and improves heat tolerance, by lowering body core temperature by about half degree Celsius. Ingestion of ice slurry is also shown to be more efficient than drinking cold water.

A serving of 200-400ml of ice slurry would cool the body and improve heat tolerance for up to an hour, after which the effects will start to wear off. It is recommended to consume the ice slurry just before high intensity exercises, such as a 10km run.

The science of ice slurry is proven in sports and there are potential use cases for other industries such as construction, marine and healthcare. Using ice slurry to mitigate heat stress is also one of the recommended measures under WSH Guidelines ,with the added advantage of being a pre-emptive solution rather than a reactive one

MOM WSH Coordinator Refresher Training

MOM CIRCULAR - WSH Coordinator Refresher Training

WSH Coordinators play a crucial role in strengthening WSH governance on the ground. They bridge WSH directives from the management to workers, and see to the implementation and compliance with WSH practices. It is thus imperative that they undergo continuous training to build up their competencies to assist the occupier in managing workplace injury risks.

2. The WSH Act requires the Employer and the Principal to take reasonably practicable measures to ensure the safety and health of the workers. This includes providing these workers with adequate training for them to perform their work. MOM requires <Name of Company>, as the Occupier and Principal/Employer, to send all the appointed WSH Coordinators working in your construction worksites to undergo the WSH Coordinator Refresher Training. These include the WSH Coordinators employed by the contractors and subcontractors who are working in these worksites.

3. WSH Coordinators are required to complete the refresher training by the following deadlines:

a. All WSH Coordinators in the construction sector who were trained before and on 31 December 2017 will have to complete their refresher training by 30 June 2023;

b. All WSH Coordinators in the construction sector who were trained from 1 Jan 2018 till 31 Dec 2021 will have to complete their refresher training by 31 Dec 2023.

Priority for registration will be given to WSH Coordinators who are working in construction worksites where the contract sum is less than $10 million, and those who need to meet the earlier deadline. WSH Coordinators who were informed earlier and have applied to attend the refresher training need not register for the training again.

4. The refresher training will be conducted in two parts:

i) e-learning (estimated 5 hours), which can be carried out anywhere, anytime, and completed by different sections, at the participant’s convenience using his/her mobile phones or any other internet connected devices; AND

ii) a one day in-person training session, AFTER the participant has completed his/her e-learning.

5. The refresher training provides new information not covered in the WSH Coordinators’ Advanced Certificate in WSH course. Learners will be updated on the latest WSH developments, and key areas such as good WSH practices and effective management of contractors. There will be activities where they can apply their knowledge and skills to practical work scenarios.

6. The refresher training fees is estimated to be about $100, at the company’s cost, and should not be deducted from the WSH Coordinator’s salary. You may contact either training provider, as listed below, to sign up your WSH Coordinator/s for the refresher training and register via the registration QR code. The training provider will assist with the setting up of email address account, if required, for any WSH Coordinator who does not have an email address account. The email address is necessary and required for the WSH Coordinator to access the e-learning

7. All WSH Coordinators who attend the refresher training will have their training records updated in MOM WSH Training Record System (TRS). MOM shall conduct checks to ensure compliance of the training requirement for all your WSH Coordinators.

8. For any query pertaining to the WSH Coordinator Refresher Training, please email to wsh_training@wshc.sg.

The WSH Coordinator Refresher Training helps WSH Coordinators better understand their roles and responsibilities, and provide useful information on how they can manage worksite safety more effectively and efficiently. Participants also get the opportunity to discuss past incidents, and what they, as safety professionals on the ground, can do to prevent a similar recurrence. 

In this training, participants will complete an online learning package, comprising 10 key topics, such as how to manage contractors more assertively, how to develop a risk assessment plan for work activities onsite to address work hazards, and the good work practices to prevent serious/fatal consequences leading to a “Stop Work Order” from the Ministry of Manpower, hefty penalty fines, and or even custodial sentencing of those found guilty, including senior management.  After completing the e-learning package, participants are to attend a one-day physical workshop, where they can network with fellow WSH Coordinators from different companies. 

Below are some feedback from past participants and their employers about the WSH Coordinator Refresher Training:

“WSH Coordinators were better able to understand their duties, roles, and responsibilities, as stipulated in WSH (Construction) Regulations. They were able to perform their work more effectively and diligently, in areas of hazard identification and the execution of risk control measures. They were also able to communicate better to all parties, which can help lower accident/incident rates.”

“Timely updates on WSH legislations and requirements, and good WSH practices.”

“Relevant case studies were used in active class discussion/participation.”

“Reinforced the understanding and importance of risk assessment for the planning and execution of safe worksite activities, as well as useful tips shared on effective contractor management. Such contributes to the continual improvement of the WSH management system.” 

“Scenario based role plays allowed participants to discuss and share with fellow coordinators the useful learning points relevant and helpful for accident prevention at the worksites.”

“It is good to have this refresher training on a regular interval to help raise WSH awareness and upkeep good safety industry practices.

“The training was comprehensive, covering many types of construction hazards and control measures, such as work at height, loading and unloading, manual lifting, and machinery. It facilitates the building of good WSH practices onsite to prevent accidents and incidents.”

Watch the video to see what participants have to say about the training

WSH Alert -Worker Fall Into Lift Shaft

 

Worker fell into lift shaft

On 18 April 2023, a worker was carrying out welding work at a newly constructed lift shaft when he fell into the shaft and landed on the ground about six metres below. The worker was sent to the hospital where he died of his injuries.

Preliminary investigations revealed that guard rails were present around the open side of the lift shaft. The worker was not equipped with any fall-arrest equipment or travel restraints when the accident occurred.

Workers are at risk of falling from height when working next to or inside a lift shaft. The WSH Council calls on all companies taking on similar work activities to put in place the necessary measures to prevent falls.

What companies should do

Companies should urgently assess and ensure that their WSH management system includes the following measures or checks:

• Fall Prevention Plan (FPP): Establish and implement a site-specific FPP to reduce the risk of falling into a lift shaft.

• Permit-to-Work (PTW) system: Put in place a PTW system for work activities where a person could fall more than three metres. Ensure on-site checks are carried out by a competent person and risk controls are confirmed effective before authorising the work at height.

• Safe Work Procedure (SWP): Develop a SWP for carrying out welding works inside the lift shaft. Provide a proper means of access and a secure working platform (such as scaffold structure inside the lift shaft) for workers to safely carry out their work.

• Effective guard railing: Install guard railings as per Figure 3

• Worker training: Deploy only competent welders who have completed work-at-height training for work inside or next to a lift shaft. Instruct workers never to climb over or through guard rails.

• Work supervision: Supervise workers to ensure the SWP is strictly followed. Consider the use of video surveillance systems to supplement or raise the level of supervision for multiple worksites.

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): If work next to an open side is unavoidable, provide workers with travel restraints or fall arrest equipment, and train workers to achieve 100% tie-off at all times.

For more information, refer to the WSH (Work at Heights) Regulations 2013, Code of Practice for Working Safely at Heights, WSH Guidelines on Working Safely during Modernization, Installation or Dismantling of Electric Passenger and Goods Lifts, and WSH Guidelines on Personal Protective Equipment for Work at Heights

Under the WSH Act, first-time corporate offenders may be sentenced to the maximum fine of $500,000 whilst individuals can either be sentenced to the maximum fine of $200,000 and/or an imprisonment not exceeding 2 years. Read more on the WSH Act penalties.

During the extended Heightened Safety Period (1 September 2022 to 31 May 2023), the Ministry of Manpower will impose severe actions for serious WSH lapses, which include:

• Debarment from hiring new work pass holders.

• Company leaders to personally account to MOM and take responsibility for rectifications, and attend a mandatory half-day in-person WSH training course.

• Engaging external auditors to conduct a thorough review of company’s WSH processes.

WSH Alert -Worker Pinned By Forklift

Technician pinned by forklift mast

On 28 April 2023, a technician was preparing to carry out repair works on a forklift when the forklift’s mast fell on him. The technician was pronounced dead at the scene by attending paramedics.

Preliminary investigations revealed that the locking pins of the mast were removed without first securing the mast

Workers involved in vehicular repair may be exposed to physical hazards when working with vehicle parts or engine components. The WSH Council calls on all companies carrying out vehicular repair to ensure worker safety and undertake an assessment of their safety measures.

What companies should do

Companies should assess and ensure that their WSH management system includes the following measures or checks:

• Competent worker: Deploy only trained and authorised forklift technicians to assemble/ disassemble, repair or maintain a forklift. Only workers who have completed the WSQ Operate Forklift course are allowed to move and operate the forklift.

• Safe work method: Provide workers with the Safe Work Procedure (SWP) for mast disassembly. The SWP must include steps to control the risk of forklift masts falling onto workers. To prevent the mast from toppling, it must be either properly secured or held in place before any locking pins are removed. Securing may be achieved, for example, by attaching the mast to a suitable support structure. The mast may be held in place, for example, by using a hoist, crane, or the forks of another forklift.

Consult the forklift manufacturer for specific advice on how the mast may be safely removed for the model.

• Safe work position: Brief workers on the risk of mast toppling during mast disassembly, mark out the mast fall zone, and ensure no one is in the fall zone before the mast locking pins are removed.

• Work supervision: Provide on-site supervision to ensure workers are aware of the hazards present and that the SWP is followed closely.

For more information, refer to Code of Practice on WSH Risk Management, Chapter 8 (Maintenance and Servicing) of the WSH Guidelines on Safe Operation of Forklift Trucks, and Chapter 4.4 (Maintenance of Machines) of the WSH Guidelines on Safe Use of Machinery.

Other relevant resources include UK Health and Safety Executive’s guidance document “Health and Safety in Motor Vehicle Repair and Associated Industries” and US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s fatal accident report “Maintenance Worker Struck by Forklift Carriage

Under the WSH Act, first-time corporate offenders may be sentenced to the maximum fine of $500,000 whilst individuals can either be sentenced to the maximum fine of $200,000 and/or an imprisonment not exceeding 2 years. Read more on the WSH Act penalties.

During the extended Heightened Safety Period (1 September 2022 to 31 May 2023), the Ministry of Manpower will impose severe actions for serious WSH lapses, which include:

• Debarment from hiring new work pass holders.

• Company leaders to personally account to MOM and take responsibility for rectifications, and attend a mandatory half-day in-person WSH training course.

• Engaging external auditors to conduct a thorough review of company’s WSH processes.

Safety Measure for Strengthening WSH

SINGAPORE: The heightened safety period imposed from September last year will end on May 31, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) announced on Tuesday (May 23).

But some requirements will remain, and new measures will be introduced to create “sustainable workplace safety (and) health outcomes”, the ministry said.

The heightened safety period was introduced after a spate of workplace-related fatalities in 2022. The number of workplace deaths in 2022 was 46, the highest number since 2016 when there were 66 fatalities.

In February, the MOM extended the heightened safety period by three months, pointing to past trends that showed higher workplace injury numbers after Chinese New Year as companies rush to compensate for lost time. As of Mar 3, there have been six workplace deaths this year.

Singapore’s workplace fatality rate per 100,000 workers has fallen to 0.8 since the measures were imposed, down from 1.5 for January to August 2022, MOM said in a press release.

The MOM’s Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) target for 2028 is to keep the fatality rate below 1.

“The (heightened safety period) has served its purpose as an urgent call on employers to prioritise safety and bring down workplace fatalities,” it said.

However, the ministry noted that the major injuries rate per 100,000 workers worsened to 19.2, from 16.8 previously. The improvement in safety was also uneven across different industries.

Construction showed the most improvement, though it remains the top contributor to the absolute number of fatal and major injuries. The fatal and major injury rate in the manufacturing sector worsened to 39.3 during the heightened safety period, higher than the construction industry’s rate of 34.5.

“This indicates the need for more sector-specific intervention to improve workplace safety outcomes,” MOM wrote.Mr

Mr Zaqy Mohamad, Senior Minister of State for Manpower, also expressed concern at the major injuries rate. But he ruled out extending the heightened safety period indefinitely. 

"It relies primarily on tougher enforcements and penalties, and is not a sustainable approach," he said. "As we exit HSP (heightened safety period), we need to recognise that it takes the collective will, responsibility and effort of the entire ecosystem to keep our workers safe and healthy."

NEW SAFETY MEASURES

To strengthen ownership of WSH “fundamentally and sustainably”, the multi-agency workplace safety taskforce will be retaining some measures from the heightened safety period and implementing new requirements.

The demerit points system for WSH breaches in the construction sector will be expanded to the manufacturing sector from October this year. Companies that accumulate 25 demerit points or more for WSH infringements within an 18-month period will be temporarily barred from employing foreign employees

Construction tenders by government procurement entities will need to have more stringent safety requirements. Main and sub-contractors will have to meet a set of safety criteria, and there will be a minimum safety weightage when evaluating tenders.

Contractors may be temporarily disqualified from tenders if systemic workplace breaches are discovered or if they accumulate more than 25 demerit points for safety infringements. A WSH bonus scheme may also be introduced to incentivise good safety performance. More details will be announced at a later date.

A video surveillance system will be required at construction sites where the project value is more than S$5 million (US$3.72 million) from June next year to help companies manage safety. The surveillance can help identify risks, facilitate investigations and deter unsafe behaviour.

Measures that will remain after the heightened safety period ends include requiring chief executives to personally account for selected cases of serious lapses and requiring companies to engage auditors if major injuries occur and a stop-work order is imposed.

Chief executives will also still need to attend an in-person WSH programme if serious lapses are uncovered after safety incidents.

From March next year, chief executives and board directors of all firms in higher-risk industries will be required to attend a WSH programme online or in person.

Other new measures include imposing duties on manufacturers and suppliers to ensure that industrial machines, equipment and hazardous substances are used safely, and providing an additional avenue for small and medium enterprises to improve WSH capabilities and an online learning component for workers doing safety courses.

Companies will also need to monitor noise in the workplace and send workers exposed to excessive noise for annual hearing examinations.

On Tuesday, the WSH Council launched a campaign with the tagline “Reporting Saves Lives”, which calls on employers to set up an internal reporting framework to reduce risks. Workers are encouraged to proactively report unsafe situations to their employers, union leaders or MOM, and members of the public can also highlight safety concerns.

“Everyone should play their part to report unsafe workplace situations and take an active role in preventing workplace injuries and fatalities,” MOM said in a press release.

Senior Minister of State for the Ministry of National Development Tan Kiat How said he is encouraged by the outcomes following the heightened safety period.

“But our work does not stop here. We must continue strengthening the workplace safety culture and mindset in our industry,” he said.

PMD Fire in SengKang

A raging fire badly damaged a HDB flat at Fernvale Road in Sengkang on May 18 morning, which was suspected to have originated from the charging of a battery pack of a personal mobility device (PMD) in the living room.

In a Facebook post on the same day, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) stated that they were alerted to the blaze at around 6:20am.

It took place in a fourth-floor HDB unit at Block 443C Fernvale Road.

Fire raging in the living room of the unit

SCDF noted that upon arrival, the fire was raging in the unit, and this affected the contents of the living room.

It was subsequently extinguished by firefighters from Sengkang Fire Station using a water jet.

A picture of the aftermath showed the charred interior of the unit.

Image from SCDF on Facebook.

Three persons conveyed to SGH for smoke inhalation

SCDF added that during the firefighting operation, three persons were found in separate bedrooms of the affected unit.

They were rescued by SCDF firefighters, and conveyed to the Singapore General Hospital for smoke inhalation.

Another three persons from a neighbouring unit were evacuated by the police and SCDF as a precautionary measure.

Additionally, about 50 residents had evacuated from the block prior to SCDF’s arrival.

Fire likely originated from PMD battery pack: SCDF

Preliminary investigations indicated that the fire had likely originated from the battery pack of a PMD, which was charging in the living room, SCDF noted.

Image from SCDF on Facebook.

SCDF also issued a reminder to the public on ways to prevent fires caused by PMDs or power assisted bicycles (PABs).

PMDs refer to wheeled, motorised gadgets like electric scooters or hoverboards, while PABs refer to bicycles equipped with battery-powered motors.

Here are some fire safety tips provided by SCDF:

• Don't charge batteries for an extended period of time, or overnight
• Don't buy or use non-original batteries
• Don't charge a PMD or PAB near combustible materials or near an escape path
• Do regularly check batteries for any damage or deformities

Image from SCDF on Facebook.

42 fires caused by such devices in 2022

This was not the first time that fires in HDB flats were caused by PMDs, PABs or personal mobility aids (PMAs).

Requirement for Hygiene Monitoring

Hygiene monitoring includes toxic substance monitoring and noise monitoring, and must be done by a competent person.

What is hygiene monitoring

Hygiene monitoring tests the workplace environment, and includes toxic substance monitoring and noise monitoring. Monitoring must be done by a competent person.

A competent person needs to complete the relevant WSQ certification, including the following:

For noise monitoring, they should complete the Monitoring Noise and Vibration course.

For toxic substance monitoring, they should complete the Measure Exposure and Assess the Risk due to Hazardous Substances course.

Relevant regulations:

Workplace Safety and Health (General Provisions) Regulations

Workplace Safety and Health (Noise) Regulations

What is monitoring

Monitoring helps you assess your workers’ level of exposure to hazards and how effective your hazard control measures are.

You should evaluate the results of workplace monitoring and take the necessary measures to safeguard your workers’ health. You should also inform employees of the results and keep a record.

Toxic substances monitoring

If your workplace uses or generates toxic substances, you must conduct regular toxic substances monitoring. The frequency of monitoring is dependent on the level of contaminant compared against the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) stated in the WSH (General Provision Regulations) First Schedule.

After conducting monitoring, you would have to submit a toxic substances monitoring report to MOM.

The recommended frequencies for monitoring are:

For details on monitoring requirements, refer to guidelines on sampling strategy and submission of toxic substances monitoring

Effective for subsequent (future, starting with the next report) toxic substances monitoring report e-submissions, you will need to submit completed Annex K of the WSH Guidelines - MHCP. This is an additional file to submit to the web portal.

Please fill up the three pages of questionnaire to self-assess your workplace Management of Hazardous Chemicals Programme (MHCP). Then scan and submit it to web portal together with the future hygiene monitoring reports.

Noise monitoring

Noise monitoring involves:

• Workplace noise monitoring – testing noise levels throughout the workplace.
• Personal noise monitoring – testing noise levels that specific groups of workers are exposed to.

After conducting monitoring, you would have to submit a noise monitoring report to MOM.

When to do noise monitoring

For details on monitoring requirements, refer to the Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines

Workplace Accident Involving Gondola

SINGAPORE: Two workers were taken to a hospital after a gondola tipped to one side at a Housing Board block in Boon Lay on Thursday (May 11) morning. 

The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) said it received a call for assistance at 8.10am.

Upon its arrival at Block 199 Boon Lay Drive, a worker was seen on the ledge of the 15th storey next to a "lopsided gondola". 

The worker was brought in safely through the unit windows on the 15th floor by SCDF officers. 

"We understand that another worker was also brought to safety through the unit windows on the 14th floor by a member of public prior to SCDF's arrival," it said. 

Both workers were taken to Ng Teng Fong General Hospital.

The scene on Thursday afternoon showed the gondola was still dangling from the side of the building. There was also visible damage to the parapet on the roof, with a section of the parapet missing

There was a cordon at the block to prevent vehicles and people from crossing over to the site of the incident.

"The first worker was rescued before SCDF arrived by climbing into the 14th floor. The second worker sat at the parapet of the 15th floor whilst waiting for SCDF's arrival because he was injured."

He added that the man was rescued when SCDF officers arrived

In a statement on Thursday evening, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) said the gondola's supports failed, causing it to tilt.

"The workers were harnessed onto a lifeline as part of standard safety requirements," the ministry said. "Both workers were treated at the hospital and have since been discharged."

MOM also identified the employer as Ban Contract Services, and said it is investigating the accident.

Behaviour Observation and Intervention

Launch of Process Sector Behavioural Observation and Intervention Video

Definition: Behavioural Observation and Intervention
Behavioural observation and intervention (BO&I) is a safety initiative to:promote safe work practices; and Instil a sense of safety ownership in all workers.. BO&I reduces WSH incidents and injuries. It also improves organisational WSH performance.  

The BO&I Approach
BO&I complements the organisational risk management and/or WSH management system (WSHMS) to minimise the occurrence of hazardous situations by focusing on at-risk behaviours.

As shown in the injury pyramid below, it is possible for hazardous situations to continue to arise due to WSHMS failures (e.g. poor WSHMS implementation), unsafe workplace conditions (e.g. incomplete risk assessment) and/or at-risk behaviours.

The Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Council, in collaboration with the Association of Process Industry (ASPRI), has produced a new Behavioural Observation and Intervention (BOI) video to help companies in the process sector build a safer work environment through encouraging safety-centric behaviours and early intervention. The video portrays scenarios in the chemical industries, and how BOI and safe work practices can instil a sense of safety ownership in all workers and reduce the incidence of at-risk work behaviours.

In his opening address at the launch event on 4 May 2023, Mr Lim Keng Yang, Chairman of WSH Council (Chemical Industries) Committee, encouraged the chemical industries to strive towards zero accidents and called on them to build a safer workplace through programmes such as BOI.

The event, held at the ASPRI Integrated Training Centre, also saw a presentation by Mr Cheng Beng Kwang, Director (Project) from PEC Ltd, on his company’s implementation of BOI and its benefits towards building a safer workplace.  Over 110 plant owners, contractors and workers from the chemical and process construction and maintenance sector attended the event.

To raise awareness on BOI, ASPRI will also be developing three BOI micro-learning modules to help companies and their employees better understand its concept and how it can be applied in the process sector.

View and share the Behavioural Observation and Intervention video with your colleagues and co-workers.

Companies can find out more on Behavioural Observation and Intervention (BOI) on the WSH Council website and the BOI training course on ASPRI’s IPI e-Connect.